Limiting transmission rate of data

ABSTRACT

An improved solution for limiting the transmission rate of data over a network is provided according to an aspect of the invention. In particular, the transmission rate for a port is limited by rate limiting one of a plurality of queues (e.g., class/quality of service queues) for the port, and directing all data (e.g., packets) for transmission through the port to the single rate limited queue. In this manner, the transmission rate for the port can be effectively limited to accommodate, for example, a lower transmission rate for a port on a destination node.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

Aspects of the invention relate generally to transmitting data over anetwork, and more particularly, to a solution for limiting thetransmission rate of a port, e.g., to avoid overloading a downstreamport having a lower transmission rate.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In modern networks, data, such as packetized data, is frequently routedbetween several network nodes during transmission. Typically, eachnetwork node includes one or more ports over which data is transmittedand received. Each port has a maximum transmission rate at which it canprocess data (e.g., packets).

A problem occurs when two network nodes have different transmissionrates. For example, a first network node may be capable of transmittingdata at a rate of 1 Gigabits/second (Gbs), however a destination networknode may only be capable of processing data at a rate of 100Megabits/second (Mbs). In this case, the destination network node can beoverrun with data, particularly broadcast and/or multicast data. Thisresults in packets being lost, and therefore not processed, at thedestination network node. Additionally, the lost packets may result in alower throughput for the network due to additional traffic from retryrequest(s) for and/or retransmission(s) of required data packets beforethey are successfully processed by the destination network node.

An approach to addressing this problem is the use of a flow controlmechanism. In this case, the receiving node can notify the transmittingnode to slow down the data transmission in a response. However, thisapproach results in a relatively long recovery time since the lostpackets occur further along a network path. Additionally, some data,such as broadcast and multicast data, do not generate a response. As aresult, there is no way for the receiving node to control the rate orretries of this type of data. Other approaches suggest inserting andremoving symbols in the data stream at both ends of the transmission.However, this requires all nodes on a network to support such anapproach.

In view of the foregoing, a need exists to overcome one or more of thedeficiencies in the related art.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Aspects of the invention provide an improved solution for limiting thetransmission rate of data over a network. In particular, thetransmission rate for a port is limited by rate limiting one of aplurality of queues (e.g., class/quality of service queues) for theport, and directing all data (e.g., packets) for transmission throughthe port to the single rate limited queue. In this manner, thetransmission rate for the port can be effectively limited toaccommodate, for example, a lower transmission rate for a port on adestination node.

A first aspect of the invention provides a method of transmitting dataover a network, the method comprising: limiting a transmission rate forone of a plurality of queues for a port; and directing all data fortransmission through the port to the one of the plurality of queues.

A second aspect of the invention provides a system for transmitting dataover a network, the system comprising: a communications port; a systemfor limiting a transmission rate for one of a plurality of queues forthe port; and a system for directing all data for transmission throughthe port to the one of the plurality of queues.

A third aspect of the invention provides a computer program comprisingprogram code stored on a computer-readable medium, which when executed,enables a computer system to implement a method of transmitting dataover a network, the method comprising: limiting a transmission rate forone of a plurality of queues for a port; and directing all data fortransmission through the port to the one of the plurality of queues.

A fourth aspect of the invention provides a method of generating asystem for transmitting data over a network, the method comprising:providing a computer system operable to: limit a transmission rate forone of a plurality of queues for a port; and direct all data fortransmission through the port to the one of the plurality of queues.

A fifth aspect of the invention provides a business method fortransmitting data over a network, the business method comprisingmanaging a computer system that performs the process described herein;and receiving payment based on the managing.

The illustrative aspects of the invention are designed to solve one ormore of the problems herein described and/or one or more other problemsnot discussed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

These and other features of the invention will be more readilyunderstood from the following detailed description of the variousaspects of the invention taken in conjunction with the accompanyingdrawings that depict various embodiments of the invention, in which:

FIG. 1 shows an illustrative environment for transmitting data over anetwork according to an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 2 shows an illustrative switch according to an embodiment of theinvention.

FIG. 3 shows an illustrative data flow diagram for transmitting dataover a network using the computer system of FIG. 1 according to anembodiment of the invention.

It is noted that the drawings are not to scale. The drawings areintended to depict only typical aspects of the invention, and thereforeshould not be considered as limiting the scope of the invention. In thedrawings, like numbering represents like elements between the drawings.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

As indicated above, aspects of the invention provide an improvedsolution for limiting the transmission rate of data over a network. Inparticular, the transmission rate for a port is limited by rate limitingone of a plurality of queues (e.g., class/quality of service queues) forthe port, and directing all data (e.g., packets) for transmissionthrough the port to the single rate limited queue. In this manner, thetransmission rate for the port can be effectively limited toaccommodate, for example, a lower transmission rate for a port on adestination node. As used herein, unless otherwise noted, the term “set”means one or more (i.e., at least one) and the phrase “any solution”means any now known or later developed solution.

Turning to the drawings, FIG. 1 shows an illustrative environment 10 fortransmitting data, such as incoming packets 50 and outgoing packets 52,over a network according to an embodiment of the invention. To thisextent, environment 10 includes a computer system 12 that can performthe process described herein in order to transmit data over a network.In particular, computer system 12 is shown including a computing device14 that comprises a switching program 30, which makes computing device14 operable to transmit data over a network by performing the processdescribed herein.

Computing device 14 is shown including a processor 20, a memory 22A, aninput/output (I/O) interface 24, and a bus 26. Further, computing device14 is shown in communication with an external I/O device/resource 28 anda storage device 22B. In general, processor 20 executes program code,such as switching program 30, which is stored in a storage system, suchas memory 22A and/or storage device 22B. While executing program code,processor 20 can read and/or write data, such as class of service (COS)queue rate(s) 42, to/from memory 22A, storage device 22B, and/or I/Ointerface 24. Bus 26 provides a communications link between each of thecomponents in computing device 14. I/O device 28 can comprise any devicethat transfers information between a user and computing device 14. Tothis extent, I/O device 28 can comprise a user I/O device to enable anindividual user to interact with computing device 14 and/or acommunications device to enable a system user to communicate withcomputing device 14 using any type of communications link.

In any event, computing device 14 can comprise any general purposecomputing article of manufacture capable of executing program codeinstalled thereon. However, it is understood that computing device 14and switching program 30 are only representative of various possibleequivalent computing devices that may perform the process describedherein. To this extent, in other embodiments, the functionality providedby computing device 14 and switching program 30 can be implemented by acomputing article of manufacture that includes any combination ofgeneral and/or specific purpose hardware and/or program code. In eachembodiment, the program code and hardware can be created using standardprogramming and engineering techniques, respectively.

Similarly, computer system 12 is only illustrative of various types ofcomputer systems for implementing aspects of the invention. For example,in one embodiment, computer system 12 comprises two or more computingdevices that communicate over any type of communications link, such as anetwork, a shared memory, or the like, to perform the process describedherein. Further, while performing the process described herein, one ormore computing devices in computer system 12 can communicate with one ormore other computing devices external to computer system 12 using anytype of communications link. In either case, the communications link cancomprise any combination of various types of wired and/or wirelesslinks; comprise any combination of one or more types of networks; and/orutilize any combination of various types of transmission techniques andprotocols.

As discussed herein, switching program 30 enables computer system 12 totransmit data over a network. To this extent, switching program 30 isshown including a queue module 32, a direction module 34, and atransmission module 36. Operation of each of these modules is discussedfurther herein. However, it is understood that some of the variousmodules shown in FIG. 1 can be implemented independently, combined,and/or stored in memory of one or more separate computing devices thatare included in computer system 12. Further, it is understood that someof the modules and/or functionality may not be implemented, oradditional modules and/or functionality may be included as part ofcomputer system 12.

Regardless, aspects of the invention provide a solution for transmittingdata over a network. To this extent, computer system 12 can comprise anode on a network. In an embodiment of the invention, computer system 12comprises a switch, such as an Ethernet switch, that receives incomingdata (e.g., incoming packets 50) and directs/routes it as outgoing data(e.g., outgoing packets 52) over a network. However, it is understoodthat aspects of the invention can be incorporated into any type ofnetwork node, including for example, a general purpose computing device,a router, a firewall, a server, and/or the like.

FIG. 2 shows an illustrative switch 12A according to an embodiment ofthe invention. In general, switch 12A can receive incoming data from aset of source nodes 16 and route the data to a port 1-4 where it istransmitted over the network as outgoing data for processing by acorresponding destination node 18A-D. Switch 12A can select anappropriate port 1-4 to route the incoming data using any solution(e.g., based on a destination address in the incoming data and a routingtable). It is understood that while only outgoing data is shown forports 1-4, switch 12A can receive incoming data via ports 1-4, which canbe routed in a similar manner. Still further, while only a singledestination node 18A-D is shown for each port 1-4, it is understood thatmultiple final destinations could be routed through a single port 1-4.For example, port 1 could be connected to another switch 12A, whichincludes any number of computer devices.

In any event, in a communications environment, each port 1-4 cancomprise multiple class of service (COS) queues A-D. In this case, whenthe incoming data comprises packets, each packet can be placed on one ofthe COS queues A-D for the corresponding port 1-4. It is understood thatwhile the discussion uses COS queues as an illustrative implementation,the teachings of the invention apply equally to quality of service (QoS)queues and any other group of queues for differentiating data forprocessing using any solution. Additionally, it is understood that whilefour ports 1-4 are shown and four COS queues A-D are shown for each port1-4, any number of queues and/or ports may be included in a computersystem 12 (FIG. 1).

Each COS queue A-D for a port 1-4 can be assigned a different priority.For example, queues A-D for port 1 could have descending priorities,with queue A having the highest priority, and queue D having the lowestpriority. To this extent, incoming data that is routed to port 1 can beplaced on one of the queues A-D based on its priority. Switch 12A candetermine the priority for the incoming data using any solution. Forexample, the priority can be based on a source/destination address, thedata content (e.g., real-time vs. background/batch), and/or the like.Further, a message (e.g., packet) header can specify a particularpriority for the message.

For example, an Ethernet packet (e.g., frame) can include a virtuallocal area network (VLAN) tag. The VLAN tag includes a 3-bit COS fieldfor designating a particular priority level. In this case, switch 12Acan read the VLAN tag and direct the packet to the appropriate queueA-D. A 3-bit COS field enables the implementation of up to 8 prioritylevels. However, when a switch 12A supports fewer priority levels,switch 12A can automatically remark the priority level in COS field toone of the supported priority levels. For example, switch 12A couldremark the 3-bit COS field to a two-bit value designating one of thefour available COS queues A-D.

When transmitting outgoing data out a port, such as port 1, switch 12Acan allocate bandwidth for each COS queue A-D based on its correspondingpriority using any solution, e.g., a weighted time division multiplexing(TDM). In this case, a higher priority queue (e.g., COS queue A) can beallocated a larger portion of the bandwidth, thereby enabling data(e.g., packets) placed on the higher priority queue to be transmitted byswitch 12A faster than the data placed on a lower priority queue.Further, switch 12A can enable a maximum/minimum transmission rate foreach COS queue A-D for a port to be adjusted. For example, switch 12Amay be capable of communicating at 1 Gigabits/second (Gps) out each port1-4. However, destination node 18A may be simultaneously receiving datafrom multiple queues for different applications. In this case,destination node 18A can request that switch 12A “reshape” thetransmission rates for one or more COS queues A-D to balance the streamsfor the corresponding applications. For example, destination node 18Amay only desire data assigned to COS queue C at a lower communicationsrate, e.g., 10 Megabits/second (Mps). In this case, switch 12A can “rateshape” COS queue C for port 1 to have its maximum transmission rate setto 10 Mps.

Aspects of the invention provide a solution when one or more destinationnodes 18A-D (e.g., a port thereon), which are receiving data from a port1-4 has a lower transmission rate than the port 1-4. For example, port 1may be capable of transmitting outgoing data at 1 Gbs, while destinationnode 18A is only capable of receiving incoming data at 100 Mbs. To thisextent, FIG. 3 shows an illustrative data flow diagram for transmittingdata over a network using computer system 12 (FIG. 1) according to anembodiment of the invention. Queue module 32 can manage transmissionsettings for a set of COS queues 40A-N for a particular port. To thisextent, queue module 32 can manage a set of COS queue rates 42A-Ncorresponding to each COS queue 40A-N. In particular, queue module 32can receive a request to limit a transmission rate for a particular COSqueue 40A-N to a desired transmission rate. In response, queue module 32can set a value for COS queue rate 42A-N for the COS queue 40A-N thatlimits the transmission rate as requested. It is understood that queuemodule 32 can limit the possible transmission rates to only a subset ofall possible transmission rates. Further, it is understood that queuemodule 32 can map values in COS queue rates 42A-N to a correspondingtransmission rate using any solution.

Additionally, queue module 32 can receive a request to limit thetransmission rate for the port. To this extent, queue module 32 canfurther manage a limited data value 44, which indicates whether thetransmission rate for the port is limited to a lower maximumtransmission rate, or whether the port can transmit at its highest rate(subject to the combined rates for COS queue rates 42A-N, if limited,and an availability of data to transmit). Limited data value 44 cancomprise a boolean true/false value and/or any similar value. Queuemodule 32 can receive requests to limit and/or remove a limit for thetransmission rate of COS queue(s) 40A-N and/or the port using anysolution. For example, queue module 32 can receive the requests from amessage received by another computer system for processing by computersystem 12 (FIG. 1), can manage a user interface and/or applicationprogram interface (API) that enables a user (individual or anothersystem) to request implementation/removal of the limit(s), and/or thelike. Further, computer system 12 can include one or more hardwareswitches that enable the transmission rate for a port to be selectivelylimited.

In any event, when the transmission rate for the port is not limited,direction module 34 receives incoming data packet(s) 50 and directs eachdata packet 50 to an appropriate COS queue 40A-N using any solution, asindicated by the dashed lines. For example, as described herein, anincoming data packet 50 may include a COS field 54 that designates adestination COS queue 40A-N. In this case, when data packet 50 does notinclude a COS field 54, direction module 34 can direct the data packet50 to a default COS queue 40A-N and/or analyze the data packet 50 forplacement on a particular COS queue 40A-N.

Similarly, when the transmission rate for the port is not limited,transmission module 36 will remove data packets 50 from COS queues 40A-Nand transmit each data packet as an outgoing data packet 52 through theport. Transmission module 36 can remove data packets 50 from COS queues40A-N according to a priority for each COS queue 40A-N, an amount ofdata on each COS queue 40A-N (e.g., number of packets, length ofpackets, and/or the like), and/or the like. Further, transmission module36 can limit the removal of data packets from a particular COS queue40A-N based on its corresponding COS queue rate 42A-N. In particular, ifthe transmission rate for COS queue 40A-N is limited, transmissionmodule 36 can ensure that the data packets are not removed andtransmitted from that COS queue 40A-N at a higher transmission rate thanthat specified by the corresponding COS queue rate 42A-N.

However, when the transmission rate for the port is limited (e.g., asindicated by limited data value 44), direction module 34 can direct alldata, such as incoming packet(s) 50, to one of the plurality of COSqueues, such as COS queue 40B as indicated by the solid line. Further,queue module 32 can set the COS queue rate 42B for the single COS queue40B to the desired transmission rate for the port. In this case,transmission module 36 will only see packets on the single COS queue 40Band will limit their transmission as outgoing packets 52 through theport to the transmission rate designated by the corresponding COS queuerate 42B. As a result, the transmission rate for the entire port iseffectively limited, e.g., to a transmission rate for a port on adestination node 18A (FIG. 2) that is receiving outgoing packets 52 fromthe port.

Direction module 34 can direct incoming packets 50 to the single COSqueue 40B using any solution. For example, direction module 34 can altera COS field 54 for an incoming packet 50 to designate the single COSqueue 40B. Additionally, for an incoming packet 50 that does not includea COS field 54 (e.g., a VLAN tag that includes COS field 54), directionmodule 34 can automatically add COS field 54 (e.g., VLAN tag with COSfield 54) to the incoming packet 50. In either case, each incomingpacket 50 will be forwarded to the single COS queue 40B fortransmission.

Additionally, while not shown, transmission module 36 can alter itsfunctionality based on limited data value 44. For example, when limiteddata value 44 indicates that the transmission rate for the port islimited, transmission module 36 can initially clear any packets from theother COS queues, e.g., COS queues 40A, 40N, and subsequently onlyretrieve packets from COS queue 40B, without regard to any TDMalgorithm, or the like, which is used to select a COS queue 40A-N duringoperation of the port when its transmission rate is not limited.

As a result, aspects of the invention provide a solution that enablesnetwork traffic to be reduced to accommodate for a port on a node havinga slower transmission rate at the closest possible point to thesource/transmitting node. In this manner, the network will have lesstime delay due to the retransmission of lost packets, fewer networknodes could become congested as a result of retransmissions, andcongestions in the downstream nodes will be reduced. By limiting only asingle port, nodes on a network can be upgraded in an incrementalmanner, a slower node can be temporarily utilized to replace a fasternode, and/or the like. Further, the solution does not requirefunctionality from multiple nodes, thereby requiring modification tomultiple nodes in order to be successfully implemented.

While shown and described herein as a method and system for transmittingdata over a network, it is understood that the invention furtherprovides various alternative embodiments. For example, in oneembodiment, the invention provides a computer program stored on acomputer-readable medium, which when executed, enables a computer systemto transmit data over a network. To this extent, the computer-readablemedium includes program code, such as switching program 30 (FIG. 1),which implements the process described herein. It is understood that theterm “computer-readable medium” comprises one or more of any type oftangible medium of expression capable of embodying a copy of the programcode (e.g., a physical embodiment). In particular, the computer-readablemedium can comprise program code embodied on one or more portablestorage articles of manufacture, on one or more data storage portions ofa computing device, such as memory 22A (FIG. 1) and/or storage system22B (FIG. 1), as a data signal traveling over a network (e.g., during awired/wireless electronic distribution of the computer program), onpaper (e.g., capable of being scanned and converted to electronic data),and/or the like.

In another embodiment, the invention provides a method of generating asystem for transmitting data over a network. In this case, a computersystem, such as computer system 12 (FIG. 1), can be obtained (e.g.,created, maintained, having made available to, etc.) and one or moreprograms/systems for performing the process described herein can beobtained (e.g., created, purchased, used, modified, etc.) and deployedto the computer system. To this extent, the deployment can comprise oneor more of: (1) installing program code on a computing device, such ascomputing device 14 (FIG. 1), from a computer-readable medium; (2)adding one or more computing devices to the computer system; and (3)incorporating and/or modifying one or more existing devices of thecomputer system, to enable the computer system to perform the processdescribed herein.

In still another embodiment, the invention provides a business methodthat performs the process described herein on a subscription,advertising, and/or fee basis. That is, a service provider could offerto transmit data over a network as described herein. In this case, theservice provider can manage (e.g., create, maintain, support, etc.) acomputer system, such as computer system 12 (FIG. 1), that performs theprocess described herein for one or more customers. In return, theservice provider can receive payment from the customer(s) under asubscription and/or fee agreement, receive payment from the sale ofadvertising to one or more third parties, and/or the like.

As used herein, it is understood that “program code” means any set ofstatements or instructions, in any language, code or notation, thatcause a computing device having an information processing capability toperform a particular function either directly or after any combinationof the following: (a) conversion to another language, code or notation;(b) reproduction in a different material form; and/or (c) decompression.To this extent, program code can be embodied as any combination of oneor more types of computer programs, such as an application/softwareprogram, component software/a library of functions, an operating system,a basic I/O system/driver for a particular computing, storage and/or I/Odevice, and the like.

The foregoing description of various aspects of the invention has beenpresented for purposes of illustration and description. It is notintended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise formdisclosed, and obviously, many modifications and variations arepossible. Such modifications and variations that may be apparent to anindividual in the art are included within the scope of the invention asdefined by the accompanying claims.

1. A method of transmitting data over a network, the method comprising:limiting a transmission rate for a single one of a plurality of queuesfor a port, wherein the plurality of queues are implemented in parallel;and directing all data for transmission through the port to the singleone of the plurality of queues, wherein the directing includes alteringa class of service (COS) field in at least one data packet.
 2. Themethod of claim 1, further comprising: receiving a plurality of datapackets for transmission through the port; and transmitting theplurality of data packets through the port.
 3. The method of claim 1,the limited transmission rate comprising a data transmission rate for adestination node for the data transmitted through the port.
 4. Themethod of claim 1, the class of service field being included in avirtual local area network (VLAN) tag of the at least one data packet.5. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving a request tolimit the transmission rate for the port, the limiting and directingbeing performed in response to the request.
 6. A system for transmittingdata over a network, the system comprising: a communications port; asystem for limiting a transmission rate for a single one of a pluralityof queues for the communications port, wherein the plurality of queuesare implemented in parallel; and a system for directing all data fortransmission through the communications port to the single one of theplurality of queues, wherein the system for directing includes a systemfor altering a class of service (COS) field in at least one data packet.7. The system of claim 6, further comprising: a system for receiving aplurality of data packets for transmission through the communicationsport; and a system for transmitting the plurality of data packetsthrough the communications port.
 8. The system of claim 6, the limitedtransmission rate comprising a data transmission rate for a destinationnode for the data.
 9. The system of claim 6, the class of service fieldbeing included in a virtual local area network (VLAN) tag of the atleast one packet.
 10. The system of claim 6, further comprising adestination node for receiving data transmitted through thecommunications port.
 11. The system of claim 10, wherein thetransmission rate for the single one of the plurality of queues islimited to a transmission rate for a port on the destination node. 12.The system of claim 6, further comprising a system for receiving arequest to limit the transmission rate for the communications port. 13.A computer program comprising program code stored on a non-transitorycomputer-readable medium, which when executed, enables a computer systemto implement a method of transmitting data over a network, the methodcomprising: limiting a transmission rate for a single one of a pluralityof queues for a port, wherein the plurality of queues are implemented inparallel; and directing all data for transmission through the port tothe single one of the plurality of queues, wherein the directingincludes altering a class of service (COS) field in at least one datapacket.
 14. The computer program of claim 13, the method furthercomprising: receiving a plurality of data packets for transmissionthrough the port; and transmitting the plurality of data packets throughthe port.
 15. The computer program of claim 13, the class of servicefield being included in a virtual local area network (VLAN) tag of theat least one data packet.
 16. The computer program of claim 13, themethod further comprising receiving a request to limit the transmissionrate for the port, the limiting and directing being performed inresponse to the request.
 17. A method of generating a system fortransmitting data over a network, the method comprising: providing acomputer system operable to: limit a transmission rate for a single oneof a plurality of queues for a port, wherein the plurality of queues areimplemented in parallel; and direct all data for transmission throughthe port to the single one of the plurality of queues, wherein thedirecting includes altering a class of service (COS) field in at leastone data packet.